47. (1) All arrangements for the conduct of examinations shall be made by the Controller of Examinations, and all examiners shall be appointed by the Academic Council in such manner as may be prescribed by this Act and the University Ordinances. (2) If during the course of an examination any examiner is for any cause incapable of acting as such, the Vice-Chancellor shall appoint an examiner to fill the vacancy. (3) At least one examiner who is not a member of the University shall be appointed for each subject included in a Department of teaching and forming part of the course which is required for a University degree. (4) The Academic Council shall appoint Examination Committees consisting of members of its own body or of other persons or of both, as it thinks fit, to moderate examination questions, to prepare the results of the examinations and to report such results to the Syndicate for publication.