47. (1) All arrangements for the conduct of examinations shall be made by the Controller of Examinations, and all examiners shall be appointed by the Academic Council in the manner specified in this Order and the University Ordinances. (2) If during the course of an examination any examiner becomes, for any reason, incapable of acting as such, the Vice-Chancellor shall appoint an examiner to fill the vacancy. (3) At least one examiner who is not a member of the University shall be appointed for each subject included in a Department and forming part of the course which is required for a University degree. (4) The Academic Council shall appoint Examination Committees consisting of such members of its own body, or of such other persons, or of both, as it thinks fit, to moderate examination questions, to prepare the results of the examinations and to report such results to the Syndicate for publication.